Understanding Scoliosis: A Physiotherapy Perspective

Scoliosis is more than just a “curved spine.” It is a condition where the spine curves sideways, often in a “S” or “C” shape, also known as lateral curvature of spine. While scoliosis can appear at any age, it is most commonly noticed in teenagers during growth spurts. Females are more prone to scoliosis than males. Early awareness, timely intervention, and proper management can make a significant difference in maintaining mobility, function, and quality of life.

What Causes Scoliosis?

 
The exact cause of scoliosis is often unknown (idiopathic scoliosis), but several factors can contribute, including:

• Congenital issues (present at birth due to spinal abnormalities)
• Neuromuscular conditions (like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy)
• Degenerative changes (seen in adults due to arthritis or disc problems)
• Postural or lifestyle factors (which may worsen spinal imbalances)

Common Signs & Symptoms

• Uneven shoulders or hips
• Visible curve in the spine
• One shoulder blade appearing more prominent
• Back pain, stiffness, or muscle imbalance
• Fatigue due to uneven posture
• Difficulty in performing activities of daily living

 
In some cases, scoliosis may not cause pain but can still affect posture, activities of daily living, long-term spinal health, lung functions, confidence and social life.
 

How Physiotherapy Helps in Scoliosis Management

 
Physiotherapy plays a vital role in both non-surgical and post-surgical management of scoliosis. At our center, treatment is personalized based on the type and severity of the curve. Key physiotherapy approaches include:

• Schroth Method Exercises – A specialized program designed to de-rotate, elongate, and stabilize the spine.
• Posture Correction & Strengthening – Exercises to balance muscles and improve alignment.
• Breathing Techniques – To expand lung capacity and improve rib mobility.
• Manual Therapy & Mobilization – To reduce stiffness and restore spinal flexibility.
• Pain Relief Modalities – Use of advanced physiotherapy techniques to manage discomfort.

Benefits of Physiotherapy for Scoliosis Patients

• Improved posture and spinal alignment
• Reduced pain and muscle tension
• Better lung function and breathing capacity
• Increased strength and flexibility
• Enhanced confidence and quality of life